Mediterranean Diet Reduces Social Isolation and Anxiety in Adult Female Nonhuman Primates.

Dietary composition is associated with the differential prevalence of psychiatric disorders; the Western diet confers increased risk, while the Mediterranean diet appears to reduce risk. In nonhuman primates, anxiety-like behaviors and social isolation have been linked to both Western diet consumption and increased inflammatory disease risk, and recent evidence suggests that diet composition may affect immune system function in part through its effects on behavior. This is particularly important in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic in which social isolation has been associated with disease. Here, we examined the effects of Western- and Mediterranean-like diets on social behavior in a randomized, 34-month preclinical trial in middle-aged female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Diet induced rapid and persistent changes in a suite of behaviors. After just three months of experimental diet consumption, a composite measure of diet-altered behavior (DAB) significantly differed between the two diets (p = 0.014) and remained different throughout the 24-month experimental observation period (p = 2.2 × 10-8). Monkeys fed the Western diet spent more time alone (FDR = 4.4 × 10-5) and displayed more anxiety behavior (FDR = 0.048), whereas monkeys fed the Mediterranean diet spent more time resting (FDR = 0.0013), attentive (FDR = 0.017), and in body contact with groupmates (FDR = 4.1 × 10-8). These differences were largely due to changes in behavior of animals fed the Mediterranean diet, while Western-diet-fed-animals exhibited similar behaviors compared to the eight-month baseline period, during which all monkeys consumed a common laboratory diet. These observations provide experimental support in a nonhuman primate model, demonstrating a potential therapeutic benefit of the Mediterranean diet consumption to reduce social isolation and anxiety and thus mitigate social isolation-associated disorders that often accompany illness and disability.

[Impact of a positive coronavirus diagnostic test on the radiotherapy patient journey at Gustave-Roussy institute]. / Impact d'un test de diagnostic du coronavirus positif sur le parcours du patient en radiothérapie à l'institut Gustave-Roussy.

PURPOSE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic continues to spread exponentially around the world. Cancer patients have a higher risk of commorbidity than the rest of the population. Radiotherapy departments are actively involved in the management of these patients, whether they have COVID or not, and it is recognized that the time taken to take charge and the continuity of treatment have a prognostic impact. The main objective was to assess the impact of the coronavirus on the treatment times of patients undergoing radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in the radiotherapy department of Gustave-Roussy institute (France) during the period from March 3, 2020 to January 12, 2021. Organizational changes, patient care times between the day of the scan and the last radiotherapy session as well as the time taken to take charge of patients between the first session and the last radiotherapy session has been studied. RESULTS: A total of 1183 patients were included, among which 60 had COVID-19. Patients were divided into four categories. Treatment times of patients who did not have COVID-19 and those of patients who did were not statistically significantly different. CONCLUSION: The organization of the radiotherapy department at the Gustave-Roussy institute is based on several points: carrying out preventive screening tests, protecting staff and patients and reorganizing the patient circuit. Thanks to the performance of diagnostic tests and the implementation of a specific workflow for patients with COVID, we ensure the continuity of patient treatment in complete safety without impacting treatment times.

Screening of COVID-19 disease based on chest CT and PCR for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy in a French coronavirus hotspot

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused 180,000 confirmed cases in France with more than 28, 000 deaths as of May 19. A large part of COVID-19 patients seem asymptomatic and cancer patients may be more vulnerable. We evaluated a screening strategy combining chest computed tomography (CT) and PCR for patients treated with radiotherapy (RT). Methods: A screening strategy was organized from March 18, in our RT department. An inspiratory breath hold chest acquisition was proposed during the CT simulation for RT. Images was reviewed by a radiologist according to the CO-RADS classification. A nasal swab with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was proposed by the radiation oncologist in case of evocative imaging or clinical context. For patients who were already undergoing RT at this time, a PCR was proposed in case of evocative symptoms and before concomitant chemotherapy. Results: From March 18 to May 1, 2020, 507 CT simulation were performed for 449 patients, including 445 chest acquisition. 237 of the chest CT (53%) showed lung abnormalities, of which 34 (8%) were COVID-19 compatible (CO-RADS ≥ 3). 102 patients were tested by PCR after the chest CT. 24 of the 449 (5.3%) patients were considered as COVID-19 patients: 19 had positive PCR, and five were considered positive on the basis of imaging despite PCR-negative PCR. Four of the patients (17%) were diagnosed during RT: 3 on routine screening before chemoradiotherapy, and one on symptoms. Four patients needed several PCR for the diagnosis of COVID-19 with six confirmed false negative PCR (Sensitivity (Se)= 76 % (19/25)). Three PCR positive patients had no evocative lung images (Se = 84%). During this period, an additional 169 patients whose CT simulation was prior to March 18, were also undergoing RT. Among them, six patients (3.6%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 by PCR during RT, performed for symptoms in 4 cases and on screening for the other 2. Of the 30 COVID-19 patients, only 8 (27%) had symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Twelve patients (40%) reported no symptoms and benefited from screening. Conclusions: This study confirms the high proportion of asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 and suggests the value of screening by CT and PCR during COVID-19 pandemics. Legal entity responsible for the study: The authors. Funding: Has not received any funding. Disclosure: R. Sun: Travel/Accommodation/Expenses: AstraZeneca. E. Deutsch: Advisory/Consultancy: Roche, BMS, Boehringer, Astrazeneca, Lilly Amgen and Merck-Serono. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.